Concrete deterioration primarily results from some combination of the following mechanisms. Experimental study on the mechanism of the combined action of. Association of state dam safety officials 239 south limestone lexington, kentucky, u. Study on the bond and antiabrasion performance of repair. The concrete structure is subjected to a heavy mechanical. F70 was modified by replacing fa at levels of 10 and 20 % with silica fume sf and ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs and their equally combinations. It is imperative that materials be tested and evaluated, in accordance with astm c 18 crdc 63, prior to use in the repair of abrasionerosion damaged hydraulic structures. It is imperative that materials be tested and evaluated, in accordance with astm c 18 crdc 63, prior to use in the repair of abrasion erosion damaged hydraulic structures. The present work focuses some hydraulic surfaces of concrete structures of hydroelectric power plants in operation in brazil.
Engineering and design strength design for reinforced concrete hydraulic structures. Different types of suspected frost related damage concrete structures in hydro to power plants are identified and categorised in this. Ceramic lined ball valve for abrasive particle pneumatic conveying and almost all abrasive applications. Abrasion on concrete surfaces caused by hydraulic loading. Testing of concrete abrasion resistance in hydraulic structures on the lower sava river. Non hydraulic cement is manufactured using non hydraulic lime, gypsum plasters and oxychloride, which has liquid properties. Abrasion resistance of highstrength concrete in hydraulic. Purchase corrosion of steel in concrete structures 1st edition.
Join us may 1517 at the desert willow conference center in phoenix, az. Fundamentals of reinforced concrete design of hydraulic. The following summary discusses potential causes of concrete deterioration and the factors that influence them. Corrosion of steel in concrete structures 1st edition. Testing of concrete abrasion resistance in hydraulic structures on. Abrasion of concrete by ice in arctic sea structures seppo huovinen abstract rakenteiden mekaniikka, vol.
In this paper, the phenomenon of concrete abrasion in hydraulic structures, which is caused by the abrasion process resulting from the sediment carried by water, is analyzed. Abrasionresistant materials are useful for both moving and fixed parts in settings where wearing is an issue. Nov 19, 2018 abrasion damage in hydraulic structures is caused by the abrasive effects of waterborne silt, sand, gravel, rocks, ice, and other debris impinging on the concrete surface. Abrasion resistance of concrete journal of materials in. Concrete is the most widely used material in existence and is only. The choice of testing methodology of concrete resistance to abrasive wear is very important. Strong concrete is more abrasion resistant than weak concrete. This work was undertaken to evaluate the abrasion resistanc e of concrete proportioned to have five levels of cement replacements 15, 30, 40, 50, and 70% with one source of class c fly ash. Fiberreinforced concrete frc has been used for repair of abrasion erosion damaged areas such as stilling basins, conduits, sluiceways, and discharge laterals in hydraulic structures. There are two views on the relationship between compressive strength. Other types of concrete deterioration are outside the scope of this report. Built constructions builtconstructions causes of distress. This is required to make the concrete plastic and more workable.
Abrasion resistance is directly related to the strength of the concrete. Detection and repair of hydraulic concrete structure reinforcement technologies. Abrasion erosion of concrete by waterborne sand sciencedirect. Abrasion resistant concrete should include the maximum amount of the hardest coarse aggregate that is available and the lowest practical wc. The manual contains provisions for design of structures that are satisfactory for both serviceability and ultimate strength. For example, underwater steelball method and highspeed water sand method are usually used in antiabrasion test wang et al. A study on abrasion resistance of concrete paving blocks aslantas, onur m. Abstract most of the abrasion damage is caused by the action of waterborne particles silt, sand, gravel, and other solid impacting and rolling against the concrete surface during hy.
In hydraulic structures, the action of the abrasive materials carried by flowing water generally leads to erosion of the concrete. Abrasion damage generally results from constant friction and impact of waterborne silt, sand, gravel, rocks, ice, and other debris on concrete. Corrosion of reinforcing steel is the most common cause of concrete. Testing of concrete abrasion resistance in hydraulic.
Maximum chloride ion content of concrete aci 318 maximum type of member cl prestressed concrete 0. In traditional abrasive conditions 3 major rules can be established. At present, several experimental methods are used to investigate the antiabrasion or anticavitation performance of hydraulic concrete. An automatic sand mixing device was invented for highpressure and highspeed flow based on the characteristics of venturi cavitation generator and hydraulic bernoulli principle. Effects of bottom ash and granulated blast furnace slag as. Because of such operation regime, the exposed parts of spillways, where abrasive erosion is to be expected. Abrasion on concr ete surfaces caused by hydraulic loading with waterborne sands mohammad sabbir hasan hydraulic structures play an important role in regulation and transport of water in reservoirs as well as open channels. The abrasionerosion resistance of concrete was evaluated according to astm c 18, test method for abrasion resistance of concrete underwater method. Water is used both to lubricate the race and to remove debris. Concrete is resistant to the abrasive affects of ordinary weather. The second series, focusing on the effect of watercementitious ratio wc on abrasion resistance, reveal that as long as wc is maintained at about 0. Abrasion on concrete surfaces caused by hydraulic loading with waterborne sands mohammad sabbir hasan hydraulic structures play an important role in regulation and transport of water in reservoirs as well as open channels. Detection and repair of hydraulic concrete structure. The test program was designed to evaluate the relative abrasion resistance of various materials considered for use in the repair of a brasion damaged concrete structures.
Plain concrete and prestressed concrete are not covered in this manual. Granulated blastfurnace slag gbfs and bottom ash ba are two of. Deicing salts are a major cause of corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete. Abrasion resistance of concrete design, construction and. Abrasion resistance is a primary concern in selection of materials for repair of erosion damage caused by waterbome debris. Hard aggregates are more abrasion resistant than soft aggregates. Acrylic acid emulsion aae mortar, silica fume sf mortar, high strength hs mortar, polypropylene pp fiber mortar and basalt fiber bf mortar were prepared and their direct tensile bond strength, splitting tensile bond strength, abrasion resistance and. By rotating an abrasive disk across the concrete, the surface is partially worn away. The abrasion erosion resistance of concrete was evaluated according to astm c 18, test method for abrasion resistance of concrete underwater method. The bond and antiabrasion performance of repair materials are the key factors for successful repair of hydraulic concrete. This manual provides guidance for designing reinforced concrete hydraulic structures by the strength design method.
Abrasion resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures. Performing orgootiaation nama oftd addrau center for transportation research the university of texas at austin austin, texas 787121075 technical report standard title fage 3. S army engineer waterways experiment station, vicksburg, 1980 liu. Abrasion erosion damage is caused by friction and the impact of waterborne silt, sand, gravel, rocks, ice and other debris on the concrete surface of a hydraulic structure. For this reason the accelerated concrete abrasion methods are necessary. Experimental study on the mechanism of the combined action. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of length of service. Hydraulic structure is the umbrella term for structures in contact with water hydro power stations, dams, locks, canals, harbours and bridge piles. However, more recent studies have shown an improvement on the performance. It is a type of cement, similar to mortar, that sets extremely fast and hardens after it has been mixed with water. Abrasionerosion resistance of fiberreinforced concrete. Fiberreinforced concrete frc has been used for repair of abrasionerosion damaged areas such as stilling basins, conduits, sluiceways, and discharge laterals in hydraulic structures.
Mechanisms of surface wear in hydraulic structures of concrete. Testing of concrete abrasion resistance in hydraulic structures on the lower sava river 247 gates, which is achieved at 2,500 m3s. As an abrasion resistant and corrosion resistant valve, ceramic lined ball valve has very excellent performance for abrasive mediums and corrosive mediums. Strength design for reinforcedconcrete hydraulic structures technical engineering and design guides as adapted from the u. Improving the abrasion resistance of hydraulicconcrete. This manual covers requirements for design of reinforced concrete hydraulic structures by the strength design method. Hydraulic concrete structures frequently experience longterm abrasive erosion by waterborne sand, resulting in surface damage and eventually limiting their service life. A laboratory test program on abrasion resistance of concrete, including the development of a new underwater abrasion test method, is described. Abrasion resistance for concrete floors abrasion tests on. Abrasion of concrete on hydraulic structures with underwater method. This course will provide a thorough overview of the fundamentals of specifying the fresh and hardened properties of concrete mixes. Recently, many research studies have been carried out on the utilization of industrial byproducts in concrete.
Some researchers have stated that concrete containing fly ash is as resistant to abrasion as concrete without fly ash 3. Five concrete mix proportions of a fixed watercement ratio of 0. Abrasion resistance of concrete design, construction and case. Abrasion resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures article pdf available in aci materials journal 1064.
One method used to test the abrasion resistance of a concrete floor is the boehm test. It has good resistance to cracking and dry shrinkage but less resistance to chemical attack. This paper describes an indepth evaluation of an abrasion testing procedure for concrete pavers developed in australia the test involves abrasion of the paver surface by a rapidly rotating ball race under load. Testing methods for abrasion resistance for concrete floors. In this study, portland cement pc has been partially replaced with a class f fly ash fa at level of 70 % to produce highvolume fa hvfa concrete f70. In this test, the concrete sample is subjected to an abrasive charge consisting of 70 chrome steel balls circulating in water over the concrete surface. The concrete surface that has to be repaired must be rough enough, and the repair material must have proper adhesive features so that the bond between the old concrete and repair material is. Abrasion resistance of highstrength concrete in hydraulic structures.
Especially, highway, airport and industrial floor pavements should be resistant to abrasion. Such unfavorable action can impose high maintenance costs and. This paper presents the results of the examinations of abrasive wear of the nine types of highstrength concrete hsc with compressive strength of 75. Abrasion resistance and scaling resistance of concrete. Hydraulic cement is a product used to stop water and leaks in concrete and masonry structures. Spillway aprons, stilling basins, sluiceways, drainage conduits or culverts, and tunnel linings are particularly susceptible to abrasion erosion resulting in surface fractures, concrete peeling and.
Although highquality concrete can resist high water velocities for many years with little or no damage, the concrete may not withstand the abrasive action of debris grinding. Strong concrete is more abrasionresistant than weak concrete. Abrasive effects observed in concrete hydraulic surfaces of dams. The adequacy of the laboratory procedure for the definition of the level of concrete abrasion in standard astm c18 hydraulic structures was investigated in detail.
In this study, the investigation of abrasion erosion tests on concrete with various water to cementitious material ratios wcm was performed. Aug 26, 2019 abrasion resistant materials are useful for both moving and fixed parts in settings where wearing is an issue. Cbp is formed from individual concrete paving blocks cpbs. The use of pozzolans for concrete floors subjected to abrasion has also been discussed in the literature. Numerous studies on the abrasion resistance of concrete have been carried out to show that the abrasion resistance of concrete is strongly influenced by compressive strength, surface finishing techniques, curing types, aggregate properties and testing conditions atis 2002. Abrasion resistance has close proximity to the compressive strength of concrete. Report 3, abrasion erosion resistance of concrete, technical report no c784, u. Improving the abrasion resistance of hydraulic concrete containing surface crack by adding silica fume. They may also be used for quality acceptance of products and surface exposed to wear. Effect of silica fume and slag on compressive strength and. Tests results 18 indicate that the widths and depths of abrasion of concrete mixtures with an average 28day compressive strength of 75 mpa were 1. Abrasionresistant concrete should include the maximum amount of the hardest coarse aggregate that is available and the lowest practical wc.
Under such conditions the transport of coarse grains is expected. Improving the abrasion resistance of hydraulicconcrete containing surface crack by adding silica fume. The ceramic lined valve has been used in quartz pneumatic conveying, coal powder pneumatic conveying. However, the resistance of such concrete subjected to abrasive action of waterborne particles has not previously been evaluated. Pdf abrasion resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures.
Therefore, it is important to repair and protect the concrete from atmospheric forces. The performance of a special concrete made of calcium aluminate cement and calcium aluminate reactive synthetic aggregate alag is evaluated for its resistance to abrasion and cavitation by high water velocities commonly found in hydraulic structures. Hydraulic cement is used widely in the construction industry sealing structures below grade and in situations where structures can be. The procedures differ in the type and degree of abrasive force they impart, and are intended for use in determining variations in surface properties of concrete affected by mixture proportions, finishing, and surface treatment. The coarse aggregate type employed in the study was crushed granite. Technical reports, together with carried out inspections, showed that the main deteriorations in the concrete surfaces are due to abrasionerosion actions caused by the water flow from the reservoir onto the hydraulic. Ozgur yaman december 2004, 93 pages concrete block pavement cbp can be an alternative pavement to asphalt and concrete pavements. During the exploitation time of hydraulic structures, the reinforced concrete deteriorates. Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete. Hundreds of tons of concrete may be ruined due to the abrasion erosion phenomenon that takes place in several hydraulic structures. For quality concrete, a proper proportion of water to cement is essential. Tests to measure the abrasion resistance of a floors surface are described in parts 3, 4 and 5 of en 892.
The high strength concrete hsc with high abrasion resistance are more. Erosion of concrete of hydraulic structures is a longterm process, and it usually develops over a period of several months or even years before the damage can be assessed. Study of the performance of four repairing material. Abstractabrasion resistance is one of the most important durability properties of concrete. Abrasion resistance, blast furnace slag, concrete, fly ash, hydraulic structures. Abrasion resistance of concrete microreinforced with. Abrasion resistance of highstrength concrete made with class c fly ash by tarun r. Dec 23, 2019 a new experimental method on simulating the combined action of cavitation erosion and abrasion was proposed to investigate the erosion mechanism of overflow structure induced by the said processes.
Civil engineering civil engg lectures, books, notes. The purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the wear resistance of concretes under abrasion rates. Abrasion damage generally results from constant friction and impact of waterborne silt, sand, gravel, rocks, ice, and other debris on concrete surfaces during the operation of a hydraulic structure. Polymer concrete, sp69, american concrete institute, detroit, erosion of concrete in hydraulic structures 1981, pp 123144 liu, tony c. Concrete can deteriorate for a variety of reasons, and concrete damage is often the result of a combination of factors. Abrasion damage in hydraulic structures is caused by the abrasive effects of waterborne silt, sand, gravel, rocks, ice, and other debris impinging on the concrete surface. Ordinarily, concrete in properly designed, constructed. This is the most common type of cement which is extensively used. A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Examples of severe abrasion and erosion are particles in rapidly moving water, floating ice, or areas where steel studs are allowed on tires. Abrasion resistance for concrete floors abrasion tests. Compressive strength and abrasion resistance of concretes. Impact abrasion of hydraulic structures concrete yuwen liu1, shiwei cho2, and tsaohua hsu3 key words. Evaluation of cement mortar suitability for repairing.